Endocrine Abstracts

Objective: This study aimed to characterise the relationship between immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which are commonly used to treat cancer, and thyroid dysfunction in terms of the proportions affected, timing of onset, sequalae and risk factors.Design: Retrospective cohort studyMethods: Patients with normal baseline thyroid function who received an ICI were included. Proport...

Case history: An 18 year old male student presented to the dentist with an eight week history of left-sided facial pain and swelling. He was subsequently referred to the maxillofacial team. His only previous medical encounter was for a traumatic right humerus fracture following a roller-skating injury. He took no regular medication. His father died of an unknown malignant process several years previous and family history was otherwise unremarkable. On questioning, the patient ...

We conducted a retrospective study examining the prevalence of abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) in a diabetic population attending a tertiary referral centre and APRI and FIB4 scores were also calculated where possible. APRI and FIB4 scores can be used to estimate degree of liver fibrosis. APRI score >1 has 76% sensitivity, 72% specificity for predicting cirrhosis. APRI score >0.7 has 77% sensitivity, 72% specificity for predicting significant fibrosis. A FIB4 scor...

Successful minimally invasive parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism depends on accuracy of pre-operative localisation studies. Ultrasound (US) and sestimibi (SM) scanning remain the imaging modalities of choice reserving MRI, CT and PET for patients who have not been cured by previous explorations or for whom other localization techniques are uninformative or discordant. The aim of this study was to review the accuracy of US and SM in the pre-operative localisation...

The hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour (HPT-JT) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterised by the occurrence of parathyroid tumours, which are often carcinomas, and fibro-osseous tumours of the jaw bones. The HPT-JT gene is on chromosome 1q25 and consists of 17 exons that encode a 531 amino-acid protein, designated PARAFIBROMIN (Nature Genetics, in press). Thirteen heterozygous germline mutations that result in truncated or inactivated forms of PARAFIBROMIN have been ...

The onset of human lactation is characterised by increased breast fullness and the start of copious milk secretion. The process, which typically occurs 1-4 days postpartum, is triggered by a decrease in serum progesterone and high prolactin concentrations, although the exact levels are ill-defined. We aim to establish reference intervals for hormones triggering the onset of sustained lactation and understand how breastfeeding influences hormone secretion, so as to improve the ...

Background: Many patients with acromegaly report limitations of long-acting somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL) injections, including ongoing disease symptoms near cycle-end and injection-site pain. Oral octreotide capsules (OOC) may provide an alternative to monthly injections. The phase 3 CHIASMA OPTIMAL study assessed efficacy and safety of OOC in patients with acromegaly controlled on injectable SRLs.Methods: A multinational, randomized, placebo-contr...

Background: Injectable somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) are currently the most widely used therapy for acromegaly. Oral octreotide capsules (OOC) are a potential therapy for acromegaly; the safety and efficacy were evaluated in the CHIASMA OPTIMAL pivotal study (Samson et al. ENDO 2020). As reported, mean IGF-I levels of the OOC group were maintained within normal range at end of treatment in all patients. However, some patients may not respond to OOC treatment (2...

Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is most frequently encountered as a non-familial disorder, but 10% of patients with primary HPT will have a hereditary form, which may occur as an isolated endocrinopathy or as part of a complex tumour syndrome such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) or type 2 (MEN 2), or the hereditary hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome (HPT-JT). Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by u...

Background: Oral octreotide capsules (OOC) are a treatment option for patients with acromegaly in the United States who have previously responded to injectable somatostatin receptor ligands (iSRLs, octreotide or lanreotide). In previous phase 3 studies, the safety of OOC was shown to be consistent with iSRLs, without dose-dependent adverse reactions. In the double-blind, placebo-controlled period (DPC) of the CHIASMA OPTIMAL trial (NCT03252353), patients were randomized to twi...